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哈爾濱基坑支護小(xiao)編介紹(shao)錨桿支護施工注意事項
1邊坡刷方
邊(bian)坡(po)土石方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)施工(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)具體有(you)關設(she)計要求(qiu)進行。對于(yu)設(she)有(you)錨固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)高(gao)邊(bian)坡(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa),要求(qiu)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)從上(shang)至下的(de)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)施工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)逐級(ji)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa),待上(shang)級(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)錨固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全部實施并產生加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)作用(yong)后(根據實際情況可采(cai)用(yong)有(you)效(xiao)可行的(de)臨時(shi)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)或預加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)措施)方可進行下級(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)的(de)土石方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)作業,逐級(ji)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa),逐級(ji)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu),直至全部防護工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結束(shu),確(que)保坡(po)體穩(wen)定和結構安全。
2砌體
砌(qi)體(ti)砂(sha)漿(jiang)要求滿足設計標號,砂(sha)漿(jiang)飽滿,并按有關施工規范和規定砌(qi)筑(zhu)。砌(qi)塊材(cai)料要求石質均(jun)勻,符合規定尺(chi)寸(cun)要求,采用(yong)未風(feng)(feng)化(hua)(hua)且不易(yi)風(feng)(feng)化(hua)(hua)之硬石砌(qi)筑(zhu)。
3排水
地(di)表截(jie)排水溝要求(qiu)在(zai)路塹邊坡(po)土石方開挖施工前施做,并發揮作用(yong),減少地(di)表水對坡(po)面沖(chong)刷和入(ru)滲坡(po)體的作用(yong)和影響。
4掛網錨固
(1)清坡。在多數情況下,清坡工作并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)必須(xu)的,但以(yi)下兩種情況是(shi)需(xu)要加(jia)以(yi)考慮。
(2)放線。盡管定(ding)型化標準結構錨桿(gan)位置等是(shi)有(you)尺寸(cun)限制的(de),但也(ye)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)允許(xu)調整范圍,特(te)別是(shi)對于錨桿(gan)來講,其(qi)位置的(de)確定(ding)具有(you)更大的(de)靈活性(xing)。
(3)錨筋(jin)制(zhi)作安(an)裝。錨筋(jin)下(xia)料(liao)應(ying)(ying)整(zheng)齊準確,誤(wu)差不大于±50mm,預留張拉段鋼絞線長度;錨筋(jin)的制(zhi)作應(ying)(ying)搭(da)建高(gao)于地面50cm以上與(yu)錨筋(jin)設計長度相適應(ying)(ying)的制(zhi)作臺及簡易(yi)防曬防雨篷,受地形限制(zhi),需在邊坡平臺上進行錨筋(jin)制(zhi)作的,也應(ying)(ying)搭(da)架(jia)制(zhi)作,同時應(ying)(ying)做好防曬防雨措施。
5標錨孔注漿
(1)錨(mao)桿注漿錨(mao)固段遇土質或砂土狀強風化巖層且富水時(shi)應采用(yong)二次高(gao)壓劈裂注漿法來提高(gao)地層錨(mao)固力。
(2)注(zhu)(zhu)漿材料要(yao)求(qiu)嚴格按(an)照經試驗合(he)(he)格的(de)配比(bi)(bi)備料,注(zhu)(zhu)漿漿液應(ying)嚴格按(an)照配合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)攪拌均勻,隨拌隨用。錨孔(kong)(kong)注(zhu)(zhu)漿必(bi)須采用孔(kong)(kong)底返漿方法(注(zhu)(zhu)漿壓(ya)力一般為2.0MPa左右(you)),直(zhi)至孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)溢出(chu)新鮮漿液,嚴禁抽拔(ba)注(zhu)(zhu)漿管或孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)注(zhu)(zhu)漿;如發(fa)現孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)漿面回(hui)落,應(ying)在(zai)30min內(nei)進行(xing)孔(kong)(kong)底壓(ya)注(zhu)(zhu)補(bu)漿2~3次,確保孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)漿體(ti)充滿(man)。
6支(zhi)撐繩安(an)裝及調試
(1)安裝(zhuang)縱橫向(xiang)支撐(cheng)(cheng)繩,張拉緊后兩端各用(yong)2~4個(ge)(支撐(cheng)(cheng)繩長度(du)小于15m時為(wei)2個(ge),大于30m時為(wei)4個(ge),其間為(wei)3個(ge))繩卡與錨桿(gan)外(wai)露環套(tao)固定(ding)連接。
(2)從上向(xiang)下鋪掛(gua)格柵(zha)網(wang),格柵(zha)網(wang)間(jian)重(zhong)疊寬度不小于5cm,兩張格柵(zha)網(wang)間(jian)的縫合以及格柵(zha)網(wang)與支(zhi)撐繩(sheng)間(jian)用φ1.2鐵絲(si)按1m間(jian)距(ju)進行(xing)扎結。
7鋼繩網(wang)鋪掛及縫合(he)
從上向下鋪設鋼繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)網(wang)(wang)并縫(feng)合(he)(he),縫(feng)合(he)(he)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為φ8鋼繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),每張鋼繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)網(wang)(wang)均用一根長(chang)約31m(或27m)的縫(feng)合(he)(he)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與四周支撐繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進行縫(feng)合(he)(he)并預張拉(la),縫(feng)合(he)(he)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兩(liang)(liang)端用兩(liang)(liang)個繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)卡與網(wang)(wang)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進行固定聯結。
8完善工序
系統安裝(zhuang)完畢后,有條(tiao)件時宜用土或小石塊(kuai)將平鋪(pu)在地面上(shang)的格柵(zha)壓住(zhu),避(bi)免(mian)落石將格柵(zha)向上(shang)掀起。