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基坑支護工(gong)(gong)程是風(feng)險性(xing)較大(da)的工(gong)(gong)程,施工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)可(ke)能會遇到各種意外情況(kuang),為做到備無患(huan),針對本工(gong)(gong)程特(te)點,制定(ding)以下措施:
1)坑外地面堆(dui)載(zai)應控制在10KN/m2以內,并(bing)禁(jin)止(zhi)載(zai)重汽車通行。2)邊坡局(ju)部涌水的處(chu)理:迅(xun)速用特(te)種止(zhi)水材料縮(suo)小(xiao)范圍,埋管引(yin)流,注漿封堵。
3)位移(yi)、沉(chen)降(jiang)過大的處理:在位移(yi)沉(chen)降(jiang)過大區(qu)域根據產生的原(yuan)因(yin)加大加密土釘,加大注漿量。
4)坑底局部(bu)管涌(yong)(yong)、突(tu)(tu)涌(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理:如因特(te)殊情(qing)況出現(xian)突(tu)(tu)涌(yong)(yong),應立即用(yong)(yong)粘土或(huo)(huo)水泥(ni)(ni)封堵,在(zai)(zai)最(zui)短的(de)(de)(de)時間內制(zhi)止(zhi)突(tu)(tu)涌(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),還可(ke)在(zai)(zai)突(tu)(tu)涌(yong)(yong)處(chu)采用(yong)(yong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)土堆壓或(huo)(huo)先用(yong)(yong)木板放在(zai)(zai)下面,再用(yong)(yong)鋼筋或(huo)(huo)其他密(mi)度較大的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑材料(liao)設備等壓在(zai)(zai)木板上阻止(zhi)突(tu)(tu)涌(yong)(yong)情(qing)況進一(yi)步惡化,再根據具體情(qing)況進行處(chu)理。
哈爾濱基坑支護
施工工藝
放線(xian)——開挖——修坡——安放錨桿——注(zhu)漿——編網(wang)噴砼(tong)——開挖下一(yi)層
1、周邊放樣
根據(ju)土釘(ding)墻實(shi)際(ji)施工(gong)位置,進行放(fang)樣復核,如(ru)有偏差應會同各方(fang)討論解決(jue)。拐角處土體極不穩定(ding),所以放(fang)線時(shi)盡可能(neng)取直,挖土時(shi)形成一個弧面。
2、土方開挖
根據出土(tu)(tu)方向和道路情況(kuang),可(ke)沿基(ji)坑一邊分層分段(duan)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)溝槽(cao),土(tu)(tu)方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)應與土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)布置相協調,分層挖(wa)(wa)土(tu)(tu),每層開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)深(shen)度(du)(du)應以土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)標高向下500mm為宜,若(ruo)遇(yu)不良地質可(ke)適(shi)當減(jian)少開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)深(shen)度(du)(du),縮短開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)長(chang)度(du)(du)。必須按施工設計要求(qiu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa),嚴禁(jin)超挖(wa)(wa)。開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)時(shi)挖(wa)(wa)機不得撞擊網壁和錨(mao)頭。
3、土釘制(zhi)作、成孔
土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)按設(she)計采用中φ48×3焊接鋼管(guan)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)按照設(she)計標準加(jia)工制(zhi)作,鋼管(guan)上(shang)(shang)打梅花形8mm孔,間距300-500mm。剖面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩排土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)為12米(mi),下面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩排土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)為9米(mi),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)翻邊2米(mi)靠外位置加(jia)一根(gen)3米(mi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)以10度(du)(du)向外側傾斜(xie)。D-D、E-E剖面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩排土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)為12米(mi),下面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩排土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)為9米(mi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)采用沖擊錘直接打入(ru)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)釘(ding)(ding)定位誤(wu)差上(shang)(shang)下左右(you)均(jun)小(xiao)于(yu)50mm,傾角誤(wu)差小(xiao)于(yu)3度(du)(du)。如遇(yu)障礙,應設(she)法避開。
4、注漿
土釘錨(mao)管注(zhu)漿(jiang),從錨(mao)管底部開始注(zhu)漿(jiang),邊(bian)注(zhu)邊(bian)拔管,最(zui)后(hou)進行口部高壓注(zhu)漿(jiang),然后(hou)封(feng)孔(kong)。注(zhu)漿(jiang)泵必須(xu)壓力恒定,注(zhu)漿(jiang)壓力取(qu)0.4-0.6mpa,流(liu)量不大于5L/min,水泥漿(jiang)用(yong)量25kg/m~30kg/m
5、編制鋼筋網
按設(she)計要求(qiu)綁(bang)扎或點(dian)焊雙向鋼筋(jin)(jin)網(wang)。鋼筋(jin)(jin)定位(wei)誤差(cha)小(xiao)于20mm相鄰鋼筋(jin)(jin)接頭錯開500mm,每層土釘(ding)部(bu)用(yong)聯系(xi)筋(jin)(jin)焊接,用(yong)螺紋鋼井字壓在鋼筋(jin)(jin)網(wang)上,鋼筋(jin)(jin)網(wang)片、聯系(xi)筋(jin)(jin)土釘(ding)、井字架之間用(yong)點(dian)電焊聯接。
6、噴射砼面層
在(zai)土層(ceng)開挖、修坡面層(ceng)后,在(zai)鋼筋網編(bian)焊工作(zuo)完(wan)成一次(ci)性噴(pen)射(she)總(zong)厚度100mm,砼(tong)標號為C20。噴(pen)射(she)砼(tong)應摻加速凝(ning)劑,砼(tong)初凝(ning)小于10min,終凝(ning)小于30min。混凝(ning)土配比(bi)為:普(pu)通水(shui)泥(ni):砂石1:4-1:5砂率:45-45%水(shui)灰(hui)比(bi):0.4-0.45速凝(ning)劑:3—5%水(shui)泥(ni)重量